Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Ki-67 (Proliferating Cell Marker)(MKI67/2463), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Ki-67 antigen is a nuclear, non-histone protein that is present in all stages of the cell cycle except G0. This characteristic makes Ki-67 an excellent marker for proliferating cells and is commonly used as one of the prognostic factors in cancer studies. A correlation has been demonstrated between Ki-67 index and the histo-pathological grade of neoplasms. Assessment of Ki-67 expression in renal and ureter tumors shows a correlation between tumor proliferation and disease progression, thus making it possible to differentiate high-risk patients. Ki-67 expression may also prove to be important for distinguishing between malignant and benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Ki-67 labeling index has been shown to be a prognostic marker in a number of neoplasms including grade II astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, colon carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. In general, Ki-67 is a good marker of proliferating cell populations. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection o
Biotium PTH / Parathyroid Hormone (N-Terminal)(PTH/1173), 0.2mg/mL
The epitope of this MAb maps in the C-terminus of PTH, a hormone produced by the parathyroid gland that regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in extracellular fluid. This hormone elevates blood calcium levels by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion.It is produced in the parathyroid gland as an 84 amino acid single chain polypeptide. It can also be secreted as N-terminal truncated fragments or C-terminal fragments after intracellular degradation, as in case of hypercalcemia. Defects in this gene are a cause of familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (FIH); also called autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism or autosomal dominant hypocalcemia. FIH is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone. Symptoms are seizures, tetany and cramps. FIH exist both as autosomal dominant and recessive forms of hypoparathyroidism.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluore
Biotium NKX2.2 (Neuroendocrine & Ewing s Sarcoma Marker) (NX2/1422R), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Expression of NKX2.2 has been found in neuroendocrine tumors of the gut, making it a potential marker for the study of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. More recently, NKX2.2 protein was identified as a target of EWS-FLI-1, the fusion protein specific to Ewing sarcoma, and was shown to be differentially upregulated in Ewing sarcoma on the basis of array-based gene expression analysis. It acts as a valuable marker for Ewing sarcoma, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%, and aids in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytochrome P450 3A1 / CYP3A1(P6), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytochrome P450 oxidase (commonly abbreviated CYP) is a generic term for a large number of related, but distinct, oxidative enzymes important in vertebrate physiology. The cytochrome P450 mixed-function monooxygenase system is probably the most important element of Phase I metabolism in mammals. P450s are membrane-bound, either in the inner membrane of mitochondria or in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells where they metabolise thousands of endogenous and exogenous compounds. In the liver, these substrates include toxins, drugs, and other unneeded and potentially harmful molecules. Humans have 18 families of cytochrome P450 genes and 43 subfamilies; the CYP1 family is involved in drug metabolism and includes 3 subfamilies, 3 genes and 1 pseudogene. The CYP2 family are part of the microsomal drug metabolising system that is responsible for oxidation of many therapeutic agents as well as steroids, fatty acids and many other endogenous substances. Cytochrome P450 3A4 is abundantl
Biotium Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) / CD143(9B9), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), also known as CD143, encodes an enzyme involved in catalyzing the conversion of angiotensin I into a physiologically active peptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasopressor and aldosterone-stimulating peptide that controls blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte balance. This enzyme plays a key role in the renin-angiotensin system. Many studies have associated the presence or absence of a 287 bp Alu repeat element in this gene with the levels of circulating enzyme or cardiovascular pathophysiologies. Two most abundant alternatively spliced variants of this gene encode two isozymes - the somatic form and the testicular form that are equally active. Multiple additional alternatively spliced variants have been identified but their full length nature has not been determined. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostabilit
Biotium TRAcP (Tartarate Resistant Acid Phosphatase)(ACP5/1070), 1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 35 kDa, which is identified as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP). It exists as two isoforms (5a and 5b). This MAb reacts with both the isoforms. Serum TRAcP 5a is secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells and increased in many patients of rheumatoid arthritis.Serum TRAcP 5b is produced from osteoclasts and elevated during bone resorption. TRAcP is an iron containing glycoprotein, which catalyzes the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate. It is the most basic of the acid phosphatases and is the only form not inhibited by L( )-tartrate. TRAcP is synthesized as a latent proenzyme and is activated by proteolytic cleavage and reduction. Normally, TRAcP is highly expressed by osteoclasts, activated macrophages, neurons and endometrium during pregnancy. Expression of TRAcP is increased in certain pathological conditions such as Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis (Hairy Cell Leukemia), Gaucher's Disease, HI
Biotium Gastrin(GAST/2635), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Gastrin, is a hormone that normally formed by mucosal cells in the gastric antrum and by the D cells of the pancreatic islets. Its primary function is to stimulate secretion of HCl by the gastric mucosa. HCl, in turn, inhibits gastrin formation. It also responsible for stimulating smooth muscle contraction and increasing blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine. Gastrin is regulated by epidermal growth factor in both mice and humans. Gastrin is excreted in excess by pancreatic tumors in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) stimulates the release of gastrin as well as other gastrointestinal hormones and also acts as an autocrine growth factor for certain cell types. High levels of GRP are found in the human lung just after birth and levels decrease thereafter in parallel with the observed disease in a number of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. GRP is known to promote lung tumorigenesis in model systems. Primary antibodies are